ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effects of amoxicillin capsules combined with Fuke Qianjin Tablets on serum inflammatory factors in patients with acute pelvic inflammatory disease. Methods:A total of 240 patients with acute pelvic inflammatory disease who received treatment in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shizhu Branch of the First People's Hospital of Yongkang from January 2016 to June 2020 were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to receive either treatment with amoxicillin capsules and conventional drugs (control group, n = 120) or amoxicillin capsules, conventional drugs and Fuke Qianjin Tablets in combination (study group, n = 120). Serum inflammatory factors [C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] were compared between before and after treatment in each group and between two groups after treatment. Results:After treatment, CRP, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in the control group were (34.28 ± 7.19) mg/L, (103.52 ± 30.18) mg/L, (103.27 ± 37.18) ng/L, and (64.11 ± 13.28) ng/L, respectively and they were (15.26 ± 6.49) mg/L, (60.44 ± 17.64) mg/L, (62.15 ± 15.33) ng/L, (38.19 ± 9.46) ng/L, respectively in the study group. Before treatment, CRP, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in the control group were (89.32 ± 17.36) mg/L, (193.27 ± 52.18) mg/L, (180.48 ± 49.25) ng/L, (81.27 ± 18.16) ng/L , respectively and they were (90.48 ± 19.73) mg/L, (192.55 ± 51.84) mg/L, (178.93 ± 50.11) ng/L, (79.83 ± 17.35) ng/L, respectively in the study group. CRP, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α levels post-treatment were significantly lower than the levels pre-treatment in each group (control group: tCRP = 11.28, P < 0.001; tIL-1 = 12.73, P < 0.001; tIL-6 = 9.48, P < 0.001; tTNF-α = 8.94, P < 0.001; study group: tCRP = 12.38, P < 0.001; tIL-1 = 18.44, P < 0.001; tIL-6 = 13.29, P < 0 .001; tTNF-α = 12.43, P < 0.001). CRP, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α levels post-treatment in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( tCRP = 9.37, P < 0.001; tIL-1 = 11.84, P < 0.001; tIL-6 = 8.33, P < 0.001; tTNF-α = 7.38, P = 0.002). Response rate in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group (95.83% vs. 75.00%, χ2 = 27.29, P < 0.001). Before and after treatment, there were no significant differences in safety indicators between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusion:Amoxicillin capsules combined with Fuke Qianjin Tablets is highly effective on acute pelvic inflammatory disease, greatly lower inflammatory factor levels, and is highly safe.
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Background N-nitrosamines, a group of by-products of drinking water disinfection, have strong cytotoxicity to mammals. N-nitrosamines in drinking water are at the ng·L−1 level, and its accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis is difficult, so it is necessary to develop a sensitive and accurate method to determine N-nitrosamines in drinking water. Objective To establish a solid phase extraction-gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of 10 kinds of N-nitrosamines in drinking water. To apply the established method to determine the levels of 10 kinds of N-nitrosamines in drinking water in Nanjing, and to understand the pollution status. Methods Coconut charcoal solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge and HLB Pro SPE cartridge were compared for the extraction efficiency of 10 N-nitrosamines in drinking water. A coconut charcoal SPE cartridge and a HLB Pro SPE cartridge were concatenated using a SPE connector, and then formed two combinations: coconut charcoal (top)-HLB Pro (bottom) and HLB Pro (top)-coconut charcoal (bottom), to extract the spiked samples, and combined with direct and independent elution ways to obtain the best extraction efficiency. From November to December 2021, 9 raw water, 10 finished water, and 7 tap water samples were collected from 9 municipal water supply units in Nanjing with 1 L brown glass sampling bottles. An 1.0 L drinking water sample was added with the isotope internal standard to prepare a test sample containing an isotope internal standard concentration of 25 ng·L−1. The automatic SPE instrument loaded all the 1.0 L drinking water samples to the tandem SPE cartridge of the HLB Pro (top)-coconut charcoal (bottom) at the rate of 15 mL·min−1. After extraction, the HLB Pro SPE cartridge and coconut charcoal SPE cartridge were transferred to the solid phase extraction vacuum device and eluted with 10 mL of dichloromethane respectively, then the dichloromethane eluents were combined, and concentrated to about 1.0 mL by nitrogen blowing after a small amount of the upper aqueous phase was removed. The concentrated solution was detected by GC-MS/MS and quantified by isotope internal standard method. Results The comparison of sample spike recovery experiments showed that coconut charcoal solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge and HLB Pro SPE cartridge presented highcomplementarity for the extraction efficiency of 10 N-nitrosamines in drinking water. Using HLB Pro (top)-coconut charcoal (bottom), independent elution, and combined with eluents, the optimal extraction efficiency was obtained. Under these conditions, by GC MS/MS, the 10 N-nitrosamines showed a good linear relationship within the range of 2–50 ng·L−1, the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.9996, the method detection limit was 0.149–0.211 ng·L−1, and the limit of quantification was 0.596–0.844 ng·L−1. At the spiked concentrations of 5.0, 15, and 30 ng·L−1, the average recoveries of the 10 kinds of N-nitrosamines were 88.0%–104.8%, and the relative standard deviations were 1.22%–4.87%. When applying the method to determine the concentrations of the 10 N-nitrosamines in Nanjing drinking water, the results showed that the 10 N-nitrosamines were positive in different degrees in raw water, finish water, and terminal water, the detection rates were 0%–100%, and the concentrations were ND–27.6 ng·L−1. Conclusion This tandem solid phase extraction-gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method can achieve simultaneous determination of a variety of N-nitrosamines in drinking water with high sensitivity and high throughput.
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Background N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), a new disinfection by-product in drinking water, has attracted extensive attention due to its high detection rate and concentration. Objective To investigate the concentration of NDMA in drinking water in Nanjing situated in the lower Yangtze River Basin of China, and to evaluate associated human health risk. Methods In dry period (January–March) and wet period (July–September) of 2021, raw water, finished water, and tap water from 16 centralized water treatment plants in Nanjing were collected to detect the concentration of NDMA in water samples by solid phase extraction and gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry with programmable temperature vaporizer-based large volume injection. The concentrations of NDMA in water samples of different water types, water periods, and disinfection methods were analyzed, and the daily exposure levels and carcinogenic risk values of NDMA in drinking water of different exposure routes and different exposed populations were calculated. Monte Carlo simulation was implemented with Crystal Ball 11 software to establish a health risk assessment model and conduct sensitivity analysis. Results A total of 61 drinking water samples were collected in Nanjing, and NDMA was positive in all the water samples, with concentrations ranging from 1.36 to 25.65 ng·L−1 and an overall average concentration of (8.00±4.06) ng·L−1. There were no statistically significant differences in the average concentrations of NDMA among raw water, finished water, and tap water samples (F=2.875, P=0.064), between wet season and dry season (t=−0.855, P=0.397), or among different disinfection methods by liquid chlorine, sodium hypochlorite, and chlorine dioxide (F=0.977, P=0.385). The results of health risk assessment showed that the average carcinogenic risk of NDMA and its P95 were 5.95×10−6 and 1.12×10−5 respectively for oral intake of drinking water, and the values for dermal contact were both lower than 1.00×10−6. The mean carcinogenic risks of exposure to drinking water NDMA in children, adolescents, and adults were 1.84×10−6, 8.27×10−7, and 3.28×10−6, respectively. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that the contributions of daily drinking water volume and NDMA concentration in drinking water to the calculated health risk were high, and the contribution of body weight was negative. Conclusion There is a potential carcinogenic risk of NDMA in the drinking water of Nanjing section of the lower Yangtze River Basin，but it is within the acceptable range.
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Objective:To investigate the expression of IL-6 and STAT3 in the epilepsy rat caused by penicillin .Methods:The model of epilepsy in rats was made by abdominal injecting penicillin .Then the EEG and behavior was observed in each group and the level of IL-6/STAT3 transcription and cytokine IL-6 secretion in different groups was compared using qRT-PCR and ELISA respectively.The protein expression of STAT3 was detected using Western blot.Results: 500 U/kg and 800 U/kg rats injected penicillin were induced epilepsy and show typical epileptic seizures behavioral and brain waves ,seizures was 100%;the level of IL-6/STAT3 transcription and IL-6 secretion in the model of epilepsy was significantly higher than control .There was no significant difference in the expression of STAT3 protein levels,but a significant increase in p-STAT3.Conclusion:Expression of STAT3 and IL-6 plays an important role in the Epilepsy Rat caused by penicillin .
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Objective:To explore in state of Chlamydia trachomatis persistent infection,the STAT3-TLR2 axis may be activated and mediating abnormal secretion of inflammatory cytokines.Methods: We established acute infection and IFN-γinduced persistent infection model of Ct in HeLa cell.Gene transcription, cytokine secretion and protein expression were detected by using qRT-PCR, ELISA and Western blot respectively in STAT3-TLR2 signaling axis in each Ct infection model.Results: Persistent Ct infections upregulated the transcription of TLR2,significantly increased both the secretion of inflammatory cytokine IL-1αand the expression of STAT3 and TLR2,moreover,enhanced the activation of STAT3 simultaneously.Conclusion: In the Ct persistent infection induced by IFN-γ,the STAT3-TLR2 signaling axis activated significantly in HeLa cell.